



From the beginning, Isenberg argues, a permanent underclass of whites was essential to the new ruling class, as laws required one white servant for every six slaves purchased. Her book begins in colonial America-where surplus poor people were sent by the British Empire to form what Richard Hakluyt envisioned as “one giant workhouse.” In the colonies, aristocrats extended the empire’s system of class hierarchy with the introduction of chattel slavery. They are renamed often, but they do not disappear.” These are the people at the center of Nancy Isenberg’s newest book, White Trash.
